The son of an army officer and landowner, Cottafavi (christened Benedetto Vittorio Emmanuele Secondo) was already endowed with a university education in law, philosophy and literature by the time he graduated from the famous Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia in Rome in 1938. He began his professional career in the film industry as a clapper boy. After progressing to write motion picture screenplays and working as assistant director under Alessandro Blasetti and Vittorio De Sica, he became a director in his own right in 1943. Many of his films have been lavishly-produced, including several tongue-in-cheek "sword-and sandal" costume spectaculars dealing with mythological subjects and usually involving the Roman Empire or Ancient Egypt. From the mid-60s, Cottafavi concentrated exclusively on directing TV series and mini-series under contract to RAI (Radio Televisione Italiana).